Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Essay - 1243 Words

Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Although the aspirations and goals of states are often motivated by external political pressures, analysis of recent foreign policy decisions demonstrates how internal political forces can play equally crucial roles in the pursuit and execution of these objectives. Thus, it would be invalid to claim that domestic politics and the nature of regimes play minor roles in either the goals a state pursues or the means it employs to reach them. By understanding how the diffusion of power in governments affect policy decisions, one can develop increased awareness of the linkages that exist between the internal pressures of domestic politics and the external forces of foreign politics. Before discussing†¦show more content†¦As the commander in chief, the president plays a significant role in shaping foreign policy. The president possesses the power to appoint senior cabinet members, commit troops and conduct high level talks with foreign governments. Congress, on the other hand, has the power to ratify treaties, confirm the president’s appointees and approve budgetary measures. And while the president has the ability to commit troops, only Congress has the authority to declare war. Despite criticisms of the American policy making process describing it as inefficient and slow moving, the main purpose and thus benefit of the constitutional separation of power is the framework of checks and balances that safeguard against monopolization of foreign policy decision making. But despite the provisions outlined in the Constitution outlining the separation of power between the executive and legislative branch in the formulation of foreign policy, congressional influence over foreign policy decisions waned after World War II. During the Vietnam War, the Johnson and Nixon administrations became increasingly secretive and monopolized foreign policy decision authority. Ultimately, however, the growing imbalance of influence of the executive branch in foreign policy decisions led to the creation of the War Powers Act. The Act stipulated that the president was required to report to Congress within 48 hours after theShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Domestic Politics On German Foreign And Security Policy1648 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the impact domestic politics has on German foreign and security policy. Germany is arguably one of the key global political actors. It’s extremely prominent, especially within international relations, and is also regarded as being economically, politically and geographically at the center of Europe. 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Since its founding, the United States has prided itself on its exceptionalism, with many of its lead ers endorsing a â€Å"foreign policy driven more by domestic values than byRead MoreRational Expectations is an Aspect of Domestic Policy727 Words   |  3 PagesAspect of domestic policy Application of differences in viewpoints analytical captured in figure 2.1 for theories as much as the internal politics of those international relations . ( 86 ) Thus, in their analysis of domestic politics , and national security studies Orthodox tend to stick to the same physical and rational perspective that distinguishes realism at the international level . This work has taken two main forms : Checking individual decision-makers , it was observed more often in timesRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Foreign Policy1019 Words   |  5 PagesReligion in Foreign Policy In order to best understand the role of religion in foreign policy, one needs to acknowledge that religion does play a role in foreign policy. However, the role religion plays in international relations is often overlooked. This omission of such an important factor that influences international politics in so many ways and on so many levels is detrimental and should be addressed (Fox, 2001:73). Religion influences international politics in variedRead MoreThe Effects Of Free Speech On The United States1729 Words   |  7 PagesSenators, Legislators and House of Representative members are involved in the process of making policies and laws, who are fundamentally being manipulated through bribes by lobbyists. It is the responsibility of the United States citizens to remove this insidious power of money and the guise that money equals free speech in which lobbyist groups are using this tool to influence elections and policies. Removing the label that money equals free speech and regulating lobbyist expenditures will produceRead MorePresidential Power Essay examples657 Words   |  3 PagesPower Presidential power can be viewed in terms of Domestic and Foreign affairs. This chapter discusses how the presiden’ts normal problem with domestic policy is to get congressional support for the programs he prefers, while in foreign affairs he can almost always get support for policies that he believes will protect the nation. The president soon discovers that he has more policy preference in domestic matters than in foreign policy. THE RECORD OF PRESIDENTIAL CONTROL It takes great crisisRead MoreWilliam Churchill s Quote On Russia Putin1208 Words   |  5 PagesTo modify Winston Churchill’s quote on Russia Putin â€Å"†¦is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma.† We can unwrap this mystery by analyzing Putin’s foreign policy through the eyes Morgenthau which will be the basis of this paper. By understanding the mystery we can say that Putin is following a Realist perspective and not the liberalist perspective especially with the Crimean Conflict. Before we begin in analyzing Putin’s Russia we must outline a few of the essential factors of the realistRead MoreRussia QA Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesCouncil; it is also a member of the Group of 20(G20), Group of 8(G8) and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. This paper will critically examine the Russian national purpose and ideology, national power and international relationships as well as foreign policy. The paper will also describe the Russian commitments and its national security relationships with the United States. Question one. National purpose of Russia Russia is keen to increase her economic growth, protect the security of her peopleRead MoreBureaucracies Help More than They Hinder Foreing Policy Making1600 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational sphere. Foreign policy is a crucial tool for nations in dealing with other actors on the international stage; in order to secure their national interest, as well as to guide the appropriate direction for interacting with other actors in the world. Further, the bureaucracy is deemed as the prominent notion for constituting foreign policy. Generally, some narratives indicate that foreign policy making resulted from the output of the theory of bureaucratic politics which addresses the roleRead MoreInternational Economic Exchange And Foreign Investment1656 Words   |  7 Pagesa trade-off between the accumulation of wealth and consolidation of power depends on the type of international economic exchange the country is involved in as well as the nature of the state. In this essay, I consider trade , currency exchange and foreign investment as the primary economic exchanges that countries are involved in, as well as the different natures of states such as developing economies and industrialized nations. I argue that countries involved in international economic exchange will

Personal Development Exercise Physical Fitness - 993 Words

Personal Development Exercise Increasing my physical fitness I would like to increase my physical fitness. Since being diagnosed with prediabetes this change has become important to me. According to American Diabetes Association (2015) Prediabetes is when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet hit the diabetes marker. You have a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The consequences of pre-diabetes can be the same as type 2 diabetes. There is still a chance I can lower my A1C and reverse the diagnosis. Becoming physically fit has many health benefits, not to mention looking better. With the right plan it will be fun. I want to include physical activity in a way that becomes routine, but not boring. My long-term goal is for the changes to become a permanent part of my routine. I want to include a healthy eating plan. Not a diet per say, but change my eating habits. I want to change diet and exercise habits in a way that increase my physical fitness permanently. There are two maybe three psychological concepts impacting my choice. The first is stress. If I am physically fit, I will be better equipped to deal with stress. According to the American Diabetes Association (2015) when we are under stress blood sugar rises to supply energy for the fight or flight response. The benefits are intertwined. I can lower my stress, and in turn that will lower my blood sugar, and I can become physically fit and that will lower my stress and my blood sugar.Show MoreRelatedEssay Personal Trainer1261 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Trainer Personal trainers are responsible for training individuals and developing a healthy workout regimen for all their clients. They often work with different muscle groups and combine this knowledge with cardiovascular training to provide their clients with the best exercise program possible. 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As veterans get older they face many challenges related to health and exercise can prevent many health issues. The more physical activity on a day to day basis is better than no physical activity at all, which can be bad for adults. Research and studies support regular physical activity that will decrease obesity, diabetes, stroke, high blood pressure, the risk for developing depression, and heart disease. Veterans leaving theRead MoreImplied Curriculum: Physical Education for All Students935 Words   |  4 PagesPhysical education is a component of the American education system about which politicians, administrators, doctors, and others frequently debate. Some see it as an integral part of a student’s education - a part that is often underemphasized due to time and budge t constraints. Others see it as a non-essential, indicating that a student’s academic day should not be interrupted with something as non-academic as sports (Pill, 2012). In fact, currently only 2.1 percent of high schools provide the nationally

Middle Range Theory free essay sample

Bank of America is the largest US bank founded in 1904, it has expanded through several acquisitions. By the end of 2009, Bank of America was the market leader serving 82% of the US population and over 53 million customers. They are positioned as number one in online and mobile banking. Their mobile banking services were launched in 2007 and have gained 4 million customers in less than three years. Acquisitions made by Bank of America prior to the financial crisis caused a very strong drop in their stock price. Customers: In 2009, 10 million customers used mobile banking and this is expected to grow to 37 million by 2014. Customers that use mobile banking are not the same as online customers. Customers that use mobile banking represent a different segment of the market that other banking customers. Security issues, a perceived low value and expense, were the primary reasons that customers did not switch to mobile banking. Potential customers were reluctant to try a new banking service that are represented an extra cost and they were also afraid of losing control of their finances. We will write a custom essay sample on Middle Range Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Debit cardholders were the most active users. It was convenient for them because they could check their account at any time. Customers that used this service changed their usual banking channels and as a result -the bank had a higher retention for these users of online services. Competition/Competitors: Bank of Americas main competitors were: Bank of New York Mellon, JP Morgan Chase Co. , Wells Fargo Co. , Citigroup, and PNC Financial Services. These competitors also used mobile banking to ensure good service for their customers. They used SMS, customized web browsers and apps, depending on the bank and the customers they served. Citibank and Wells Fargo had different applications customized for their target groups. General Context Considering that the banking industry is fragmented, with thousands of banks offering retail and wholesale banking services; ten of the largest banks hold 46. 4% of total deposits, Bank of America being the largest one. The mortgage crisis of 2009 led to a deep recession and spilled over into a financial crisis that affected the retail banking business. Banks started waving fees and offering additional benefits in order to capture and retain customers. Mobile banking was introduced in the US in 2007 which added costs to each transaction. However, these costs were lower than call centers and interactive voice response costs. Bank of America had three options: mobile messaging (mobile stream modification without any software installation), mobile Internet (wireless application protocol), and mobile applications. Mobile applications in particular were more sophisticated and costly. Smartphone use was estimated to grow to 46% by 2014. Development Dilemma: Bank of America has two options to handle the future of mobile banking: 1) Build new and various applications to target different customers a) Pros: i) Customers want customization in the products; this will increase retention and satisfaction. ii) Marketing strategies can be segmented into different types of clients. This increases efficiency and reduces costs. iii) Superior brand and innovation perception. a) Cons i) Cost of application creation will increase due to the different areas and type of customers at Bank of America ii) Any changes in the bank services will have to be applied to all apps. Some customers will have to download and use various apps at the same time 2) Refuse to add complexity to the current application a) Pros: i) No extra costs on building a new application ii) Customers that don? t like technology or doubt about security issues wont be affected b) Cons: i) Other banks offer better mobile apps and this will increase their competitive advantage ii) Customer satisfaction will suffer if the app is not updated and does not fulfill their needs. iii) Transactions will still be done through ATMs, Call centers and IVR, which are 4 to 11 times more costly. Opportunities: Since Bank of America is one of the largest financial institutions in United States that has millions of customers; online banking is an important feature that offers to ease transactions and provides access to billing statements. However, because of the multitude of services banks offer it is overly-complicated to provide all items in one bundle. Because of this complexity (to add all the banking features in one app for mobile banking) Bank of America should target tablet-users to provide all the banking features with different applications. For example Bank of America can provide tools like market reports for savvy investors or savings programs for households (where it is easier to keep track of expenses. ) Tablets are relatively easier to use than mobile phones. Targeting such a market at an early stage can broaden the spectrum in which Bank of America operates its mobile banking. This opportunity which targets future markets as computers are being replaced by tablets should not be forgone. Ease of access and use for customers with multiple Bank of America services, easier tracking of frauds or errors. ) Bank of America customers will be able to access a large array of services online. c) For some high-end apps a nominal fee may be charged to cover some of the technology budget. 2) Cons a) Customer information may be at risk as it is insecure to access sensitive information online for which Bank of America will have to maintain high privacy, increasing cost. b) Some of the features may still be complex and require customer support hotline. c) Customers may act on unintended transactions involving significant funds. Recommendations: Bank of America needs to improve the complexity to the current application. After analyzing the options and the opportunity, we think that Bank of America has to differentiate themselves from their competitors while offering a great service to their clients, we would recommend to increase the functionality of the mobile app. This change will bring extra benefits to the different type of clients in a single download. The company will also cut costs in the type of transactions made by the clients. The continuous growth of the mobile market especially the Smartphone use is another aspect of the recommendation. Having a mobile has become a commodity for the population. The new generation will get so accustomed to this technology that they will be able to deal with any app complexity without any problem. Bank of America has to think of its future customers, not only the current mobile technology adaptors. 1) Pros: a) Having a better application will differentiate the bank compared to their competitors b) Customers will have overall services in a single application. Mobile payment services would be added to the app and will attract and benefit many customers. d) Transaction costs will become lower as the % of Smartphone users grows (46% for year 2014). 2) Cons: a) Added complexity will discourage some customers to use the application b) Speed of the application may suffer if the customer has a bad connection or has too many applications downloaded in their mobile. c) The cost of developing a more complex application is larger and may require more expertise and training for employees and customers as well.